Islamic History Hajj, Umrh and Ziyara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamic History Hajj, Umrh and Ziyara - Essay Example The historical backdrop of Hajj goes back to the period of Abraham, and in certainty there is a refrain in the Quran which is known as the Surah-Al-Hajj, which gives an all encompassing image of Hajj to Muslims. Muslims, accepting as they immovably do, in the Quran and Sunnah (demonstrations of the Prophet Mohammad) accept this as a given commitment, as one of the very establishments of Islam.1 (Lindsay, 2005). During the time of Abraham, according to what was uncovered to him, he built the House of God (Ka'ba). From that point onward, he would come each year to perform journey at this House which he built and this training was trailed by his child after his death.2 As far as the ongoing hypotheses of the conflict of human advancements and struggle among innovation and Islam which have risen, for Muslims, remembrances, for example, the Hajj, Umra and the Ziyara have developed as an indication of solidarity, of congregative soul and a feeling of having a place inside the Muslim Ummah for the whole network. This is one of the points that is accomplished when Muslims gather for such a reason, despite the fact that they don't think about this issue intentionally when congregating at the occasion. To the extent the Shi'ite Zi

Summary of an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Synopsis of an article - Essay Example This exchange instrument is imperative to the analysts because of the way that understanding exchange will assist with responding to a few appropriate inquiries. The first of these identify with whether vicious computer games have the inferred downside of empowering brutality. Additionally, by considering transference models, the specialist can decide whether flight recreation creates cockpit aptitudes in pilots. Generally, the degree of transference of explicit ranges of abilities that are as far as anyone knows â€Å"taught† in different computer games will be useful understanding the net positive or net negative connections that could possibly exist. The investigation found, as anyone might expect, that similar ideas of joint effort, collaboration, material learning, exploratory premium, and independence as they identify with the game playing experience. Though numerous people are inclined to see the computer game as a complete break component, the scientists had the option to convincingly demonstrate that it is and has been utilized as a way to encourage intra human correspondence by means of connected players or by means of those that communicate with the procedure while in the room yet not playing the game themselves. Moreover, the degree of holding and investigation that happened while the scientists were leading their examination helped them to make an immediate connection between the youngsters that were associated with the procedure and the customary comprehension of the word â€Å"play†. In like manner, there was not the unmistakable break between in game and in world real factors as the specialists from the outset expected; rather, the two real factors consolidated exceptional components of each other to make a joined impact that could nor be turned on or killed once the game was finished. As one would anticipate, the degrees of significance and communication levels of transference that exist are along these lines subordinate upon the person

Janae Gaskins Specific Purpose Free Essays

Janae Gaskins Specific Purpose: The reason for my introduction is to persuade the crowd that school uniform shouldn’t be a necessity in secondary school. Kind of Persuasive Speech: Speech to persuade I. Presentation 9 pts A. We will compose a custom article test on Janae Gaskins Specific Purpose or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Consideration Ask Question: what number of individuals wore school uniform in secondary school? B. Significance : That school uniform shouldn’t be required in secondary school. This the age where we know what’s suitable or not all that why remove this benefit from these teenages. C. Reason/Thesis proclamation : To disprove the case that secondary school understudies shouldn’t need to wear school uniform. D. Review of how you will mastermind your contentions and replies in the body. (Contentions should address the inquiry â€Å"why† or â€Å"how† because of your motivation, and be expressed in equal structure. ) (6 focuses) The two contentions I will introduce are: a. Costs/Variety b. Takes opportunity away(Diversity) The arrangement: c. Marking an agreement I. Body To start lets start with my first contention A. Costs/Variety 1. They are Expensive. A. Restriction: People feel that regalia are more reasonable than typical dress in this manner they want to purchase uniform than ordinary apparel B. Answer: A School shirt costs more than the normal shirt a youngster wears outside of school 2. Not huge assortment to browse a. Restriction to contention I. subordinate thought (bolster model, measurement, reality, quote, and so on) b. Rejoinder (reaction) to that restriction I. subordinate thought (bolster model, measurement, reality, quote, and so forth) change B. Express the Argument (from see) 1. subordinate thought (supporting model, measurement, truth, quote, and so forth ) a. Restriction to contention I. subordinate thought (bolster model, measurement, actuality, quote, and so forth) b. Rejoinder (reaction) to that resistance I. subordinate thought (bolster model, measurement, reality, quote, and so on) change C. Express the Argument/Solution (from see) 1. subordinate thought (supporting model, measurement, reality, quote, and so forth ) a. Restriction to contention/arrangement I. subordinate thought (bolster model, measurement, actuality, quote, and so on) b. Counter (reaction) to that resistance I. subordinate thought (bolster model, measurement, reality, quote, and so forth) II. Decision 6 pts A. Rundown of contentions repetition of theory B. Imagining the future or potentially source of inspiration or acknowledgment C. Essential idea/shutting explanation or â€Å"clincher† Sources Cited Here you will give the full MLA-structure reference for ONLY those sources you plan to orally refer to (quote/rework) in your discourse. (You don’t orally refer to in MLA position! )3 sources, refered to accurately = 3 pts 1. (at any rate 3 references) 2. (all sources, remembering for line sources, MUST have a creator; unknown won't get any focuses) 3. (must utilize a mix of sources: . gov; . edu; . organization; . com; books, periodicals, media; and so forth) Step by step instructions to refer to Janae Gaskins Specific Purpose, Essay models

The Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis Free Essays

Different sclerosis (MS) is an ailment which influences the sensory system, to be specific the mind and spinal string. It causes harm the myelin sheath, the material that encompasses and secures nerve cells (Marieb, 2012). This harm hinders the procedure wherein the mind transfers messages to the remainder of the body, prompting an assortment of side effects. We will compose a custom article test on The Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Probably the most well-known incorporate agony and deadness; exhaustion; strolling, equalization, and coordination issues; bladder and entrail brokenness; vision issues; psychological brokenness; passionate changes and discouragement (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, n. . ). Despite the fact that the specific reason for MS is obscure, it’s broadly thought to be an immune system infection. Immune system sicknesses emerge from an overactive invulnerable reaction of the body against substances and tissues regularly present in the body (Marieb, 2012). As it were, the body really assaults its own cells. The resistant framework botches some piece of the body as a pathogen and assaults it. The illness influences ladies more than men, frequently starting at some point between the ages of 20 to 40. As of late, an examination found that the frequency of MS seems, by all accounts, to be higher in African American ladies than in caucasians, negating past discoveries (Langer-Gould, Brara, Beaber, Zhang, 2013). The ailment is normally gentle; in any case, a few people lose the capacity to compose, talk and additionally walk. No reason or remedy for MS has been found. It stays a baffling infection with no known pathogen or even known determinants of its seriousness and course. Three as of late distributed investigations state that salt may assume a job in MS and other immune system ailments, albeit no examination has discovered an immediate connection between high salt admission and expanded frequency of MS. On a progressively impossible to miss note, scientists in England have been exploring how the long stretch of birth (May and November) influences the odds of having MS sometime down the road. It’s believed that it could have something to do with atmosphere, daylight, and admission of nutrient D (Disanto et al. , 2013). Huge numbers of the meds accessible for use by MS patients just moderate the advancement of the illness. The most widely recognized medications include interferons. Interferons are a gathering of common proteins (beta, alpha, gamma) that are delivered by human cells in light of viral contamination and other boosts (NMSS, n. d. ). The FDA has affirmed three medications as beta interferon called Avonex, Betaseron, and Rebif. Beta interferon has been appeared to decrease the quantity of intensifications and may slow the movement of physical incapacity (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2012). At the point when assaults do happen, they will in general be shorter and less serious. A manufactured type of myelin essential protein, copolymer I, has likewise been endorsed and it has barely any reactions. For progressively serious or ceaseless cases, an immunosuppressant treatment (mitoxantrone) has been affirmed. While steroids don't influence the course of MS after some time, they can diminish the span and seriousness of assaults in certain patients. Spasticity, which can happen either as a continued solidness brought about by expanded muscle tone or as fits that go back and forth, is generally treated with muscle relaxants and sedatives (NINDS, 2012). Patients can likewise help control indications through sufficient physical action and word related treatment. Exercise, particularly extending works out, alleviates solidness and advance adaptability and portability. With propels in the comprehension of the mind come progresses towards building up a solution for Multiple sclerosis. Improved capacity to make pictures of the living mind and spinal line, new comprehension of the brain’s limit with respect to fix, and a general quickened pace of new revelations about the cell hardware of the cerebrum have lead to new remedial procedures. These procedures incorporate quality treatment, undifferentiated organism transplantation, and neuroprotection techniques (Joy Johnston, 2001). Recently, a biotechnology organization built up another MS tranquilize dependent on peginterferon beta-1a. Investigations of peginterferon beta-1a show that, when infused under the skin either every two or a month, diminished the backslide rate altogether more than fake treatment in an investigation of 1500 individuals with backsliding MS (Biogen Idec, 2013). Myelin and the phones that make myelin, called oligodendrocytes, are the fundamental focal point of numerous MS examines. Researchers and clinical research associations, (for example, The Myelin Project) are attempting to discover approaches to animate myelin recovery in patients by revealing the components engaged with myelin recovery. When found, they could inevitably be meant promising new restorative ways to deal with reestablish work in individuals with MS. Step by step instructions to refer to The Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis, Papers

Econ1101 Session 1, 2009 Final Exam

Page 1 of 14 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS SESSION 1, 2009 , I ECONllOl MICROECONOMICS I FINAL EXAMINATION TIME ALLOWED †2HOURS THIS PAPER IS WORTH 65% OF THE TOTAL SUBJECT MARK This assessment paper comprises of two sections †Part An and Part B Part A comprises of 20 different decision addresses every value onc and one quarter (1. 25) marks. Answer all the inquiries in Part An on the appropriate response sheet gave, utilizing pencil . just: Print your understudy number, name and initials in the space gave and mark he suitable boxes beneath your understudy number, name and initials. For each question, mark tbe proper reaction (a), (b), (c), or (d). There is just one right reaction to each address in Part A. Part B comprises of four (4) paper type questions, every value TWENTY (20) marks. Answer just TWO (2) inquiries from Part B. ANSWER EACH PART B QUESTION IN A SEPARATE EXAMINATION BOOKLET Answers to inquiries in Part B must be written in ink. Penci l might be utilized in answers to Part B for drawing, portraying or graphical work just . †¢ This inquiry paper might be held by the applicant There are 14 pages in this test paper. 1 Page 2 of 14 PART A This area is worth 25 imprints Mark your answer on Answer Sheet gave Question 1 , †¢ A monopo list evaluates that at the current pnce being charged for the item, Marginal Cost is more prominent than Marginal Revenue and the abso lute value versatility of interest is 1. 8. To build benefit the monopolist should: an) Increase cost so cost rises to the most extreme the customer is happy to address ) Decrease cost and sell more c) Set cost equivalent to the base normal cost d) Increase cost and sell less Question 2 The Coase hypothesis recommends that private markets will be unable to tackle the issue of externalities, an) Unless the legislature gets engaged with the procedure b) When the quantity of gatherings is huge and the haggling costs are high c) If the firm in the mark et is a restraining infrastructure d) If a few people profit by the externality †¢ TURN OVER THE PAGE 2 Page 3 of 14Question 3 Consider the accompanying chart where a legitimately upheld maximum cost works Price ~_ _ __ _ _â€, J __ _ G-†††sâ · c , B~ ___H L_ , ___ L ___ I 01 , :F : , : ::J ‘ †I , : O †bâ€b3 â€d - 1 2 a) FEC. b) DAC. c) GJECF. Amount The most extreme dead weight reduction because of the value roof is spoken to by the regions: d) JAE + DGF. Question 4 Perfect rivalry is proficient and restraining infrastructure isn't, on the grounds that in immaculate rivalry _ , while in imposing business model _ __ a) P b) P c) ~ MC; P>MC MC; P Econ1101 Session 1, 2009 Final Exam Page 1 of 14 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS SESSION 1, 2009 , I ECONllOl MICROECONOMICS I FINAL EXAMINATION TIME ALLOWED †2HOURS THIS PAPER IS WORTH 65% OF THE TOTAL SUBJECT MARK This assessment paper comprises of two sections †Part An and Part B Part A comprises of 20 various decision addresses every value onc and one quarter (1. 25) marks. Answer all the inquiries in Part An on the appropriate response sheet gave, utilizing pencil . just: Print your understudy number, name and initials in the space gave and mark he proper boxes underneath your understudy number, name and initials. For each question, mark tbe proper reaction (a), (b), (c), or (d). There is just one right reaction to each address in Part A. Part B comprises of four (4) paper type questions, every value TWENTY (20) marks. Answer just TWO (2) inquiries from Part B. ANSWER EACH PART B QUESTION IN A SEPARATE EXAMINATION BOOKLET Answers to inquiries in Part B must be written in ink. Pencil might be utilized in answers to Part B for drawing, portraying or graphical work just . †¢ This inquiry paper might be held by the applicant There are 14 pages in this test paper. 1 Page 2 of 14 PART A This area is worth 25 imprints Mark your answer on Answer Sheet gave Question 1 , †¢ A monopo list gauges that at the current pnce being charged for the item, Marginal Cost is more prominent than Marginal Revenue and the abso lute value versatility of interest is 1. 8. To build benefit the monopolist should: an) Increase cost so cost approaches the most extreme the buyer is eager to address ) Decrease cost and sell more c) Set cost equivalent to the base normal cost d) Increase cost and sell less Question 2 The Coase hypothesis proposes that private markets will be unable to take care of the issue of externalities, an) Unless the legislature gets associated with the procedure b) When the quantity of gatherings is huge and the bartering costs are high c) If the firm in the m arket is an imposing business model d) If a few people profit by the externality †¢ TURN OVER THE PAGE 2 Page 3 of 14Question 3 Consider the accompanying diagram where a legitimately authorized maximum cost works Price ~_ _ __ _ _â€, J __ _ G-†††sâ · c , B~ ___H L_ , ___ L ___ I 01 , :F : , : ::J ‘ †I , : O †bâ€b3 â€d - 1 2 a) FEC. b) DAC. c) GJECF. Amount The most extreme dead weight reduction because of the value roof is spoken to by the regions: d) JAE + DGF. Question 4 Perfect rivalry is proficient and imposing business model isn't, on the grounds that in flawless rivalry _ , while in restraining infrastructure _ __ a) P b) P c) ~ MC; P>MC MC; P

How to Take Charge of Your Universitys Branding

We understand the pain of seeing off-brand material being set free into the world. Seeing stretched logos, Comic Sans, and clashing colors all over your university's content can make you want to smack your head against your desk repeatedly. But before you give yourself another headache, check out these three steps to take back your university's branding. Related: How to ensure brand consistency As a university, you want to send a consistent message to your faculty, students, potential students and alumni. The brand you have and maintain affects the culture on campus and how others perceive the school. This is why it's so important to have control over your brand. Here's how you do it. Set the rogues straight Bring together faculty and staff and ask them how they feel about the university. What does it mean to them to be working or teaching at your college? What makes your university different and special compared to other universities? Talk to your faculty about the strengths of each department, then tell them the story of your university's brand. Show them what makes the university exceptional. Remind them that they are part of what makes your university special. As you build the picture of the university's brand for your staff, also talk about why it's important to maintain the brand. This is the time to rally your faculty and staff. Remind them of your university's values and strengths, and why they should care about what the school represents. Motivate them and help them see the vision you have for the university. As you unite your faculty behind the intangible pieces of your brand, discuss the tangible aspects, too. Bring together brand assets from across campus to find out what colors, logos, and other assets are being used. You might find that every department has unauthorized versions of your school's logo. While it is common for departments to have their own authorized logos, the changes to your logo can get out of hand, so it's important to know what your faculty are using. This is the time to set any rogue designers straight. Unite your staff under the correct branding that represents your university. Create a design process that keeps your content on-brand, doesn't overwhelm your design team and still offers some freedom for departments to add their own flair. This is a tricky line to walk, and we discuss this process in this blog post. Lock down your assets Now that you have tracked down rogue designers and discussed your brand with faculty and staff, it's time to lock down the logos, colors, fonts, and other assets. This can be done with a DAM (digital asset management) system where you can store current versions of your brand assets. This will allow anyone to use these assets, but crucially, they will be using the right ones. You can also lock down these assets in a lockable template, so different departments can add their own personalization, but the colors won't vary and logos will no longer be stretched. This gives your design team more control over how your brand is presented and ensures there won't be any more rogue designs. Lucidpress: Design software for higher education Lucidpress does this, and we've heard from many of our clients that the ability to lock down their assets has greatly helped their brand maintenance. One client from Reinhart Real Estate said they had agents who didn't want to have the Reinhart logo on their flyers. The designers used Lucidpress to lock down the logo on the flyers in the right size, and now agents can't change it. While the logo was locked to the template, agents were still able to personalize other aspects of the flyer, which gave them some freedom without going off-brand. Share your locked assets Now that you've motivated your faculty and staff to maintain your brand, and you've found a way to lock down your assets, give them access so they can use them. Your staff are excited about the university's brand story and want to support the school in creating a powerful brand identity, so let them do this through creating on-brand content. With easy-to-use templates and access to brand assets, your staff can quickly create professional-looking flyers, posters and brochures that can be used throughout the university. You've laid the groundwork, now give them the power to act. University brand managers talk marketing woes Taking charge of your university's brand isn't a one-time event. This is a proactive, ongoing process. One action you can take to maintain your brand is regularly updating your materials, keeping your logos & colors current and consistent. You can also hold your staff accountable by holding periodic reviews to see which assets departments are using. This can be an opportune time to follow-up on the school's branding efforts and ask about students' reactions. It's important to remain consistent, but it's also important to listen to your audience. Key takeaways Taking charge of your brand will give your university a more professional, unified look that will attract prospective students and make current students proud. You don't have to endure constant headaches over off-brand materials being published. Communicating with your faculty and staff, locking your assets and giving access to these assets will make brand management headache-free. It's time to take charge of your brand and to reap the benefits of a strong, creative brand identity. Take the first step. See how Lucidpress can help your university build and maintain a strong, consistent brand.

The New Fuss About Research Paper Writing Company

The New Fuss About Research Paper Writing Company Rumors, Deception and Research Paper Writing Company A company which claims to provide premium excellent assignment help should also be ready to provide unlimited revisions till the time you're met with the content, format and structure of the paper. The best means for you to refrain from mixing things up is to outline your paper ahead of time. If there's absolutely no physical address given, the firm may definitely be a scam. The procedure for creation has been challenging from the very first days of our world, and developing a fantastic bit of writing is at least as hard. Open University Web Resources is an exemplary collection of such journal databases, though you'll require an ATHENS password to use a number of them. Of course, when you're researching an issue which affects another nation, you ought to be looking at that nation's major news site. We're the top academic writing service company that provides premium excellent help material for a research paper. You will readily have the ability to impress a multinational organization and become recruited. You ought to understand why it's important to you and why it may be important to others. When it is for some post-graduate class, it is easy to double that. Most often professors appreciate your concerns and might give some valuable tips that you will have enough time to apply and boost your final score. Needless to say, there are lots of places where students can discover experts, including freelance writing websites and through social media websites. The bibliography consists of your sources. No matter whichever one that you decide to use, you have to be consistent throughout your essay. Know how your essay is going to be evaluated. The research essay is basically a more in-depth variant of the 5 paragraph essay. Research paper is just one of the academic documents a student has to prepare on a specific topic. Writing a research paper demands concentration, time, electricity and diligency. It can be difficult. Writing last-minute research paper isn't advisable if you prefer to produce a rich content. You may always compose the conclusion initially and the introduction last. You'll need a comprehension of the stipulated citation format, and an ability to critique literature. The goal is to explore the reply to a question about a topic. In the introduction you formulate an aim of the research and provide the thesis statement. You ought to be passionate in earning your research paper so you may conceive ideas that are useful to your research. The procedure for research begins with the collection of a topic which is appropriate for your course or purpose. Some research doesn't necessarily belong to your paper. Your reaction on this issue and the topic of the research greatly influence the pace of work. Only the outcomes are presented. The search results may likewise not be handy for your research paper just because they don't offer enough info. Nowadays you've written up your research paper, you will need to do a small editing and proofreading to make sure the finished product achieves the grade you're searching for. To help filter the information which you have found for your research paper, you will need to appraise its quality. The variety of body paragraphs is dependent upon the depth of research. The very first draft usually comprises the subsequent elements. From that point, not only you're able to find a best research project format but materials with right references also. Regardless of what the subject is, you could always count on us to find the ideal document at reasonable rates.

Security and Internaional Regimes - 1091 Words

Question one The concept of security and international regimes in regulating WMDs Introduction This essay argued, after the war on terror, there are several changes in conceptualizing â€Å"Security†. Firstly, the concept of security become more complex and paradoxical in nature due to the construction of concepts by the terrorist’s strategy accompanied by globalization, and the unanticipated insecurity caused by the US’s use of military force. Secondly, despite the paradox arisen from the use of military force, a new risk-based regime has developed over the years of war on terror, broadening the notion of risk in the idea of security. Also, this essay argued it is hard to maintain our world from the risk of WMD attacks by relying on†¦show more content†¦For instance, China has engaged in transfers of WMD to either counter the US or strike for strategic and economic interest. Financial reasons are believed to triggering Chinese WMD transfer while some decentralized firms may even have transferred WMD without the permission of the central governme nt. And despite a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Missile Technology Control Regime and others, it is remarkable China still provides WMD to other states either directly or routed through a third country. Furthermore, Iran also signed the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997. However, she was reported to work on acquiring chemical and biological weapons, while this attempt can be understood as her strategic interest in the Middle East against enemies like Israel. Also, considering the whole Asia region, it is possible to have accidental wars between WMD possessing enemies, or opportunities of WMD transferring to terrorist, particularly over the years of war on terror. Not excluding the terrorist, possible conflicts between Iran, Iraq and Israel raise concerns due to their ability to process atomic munition, missile launching and preemptive strikes. In addition, international regimes for nuclear assistance might cause risks. According to the research conducted by Brown and Kaplow (2014), the Technical Cooperation (TC)Show MoreRelatedMedia Bias And Its Implications2094 Words   |  9 Pagesimprisoned, punished and got killed in various parts of the country for revealing the truths and realities. According to Freedom House, Journalists routinely face violence, threats, and intimidation by security forces and officials (2013). During Taliban regime, the media decreased down to zero and the regime banned all media-related activities. Since Taliban Collapse by now it is eleven years, that there are more than hundred radio and television channels broadcasting from inside the country. Cables and

Mixed Methods Of Quantitative And Qualitative Data

Mixed methods approach was implemented deliberately to gain quantitative and qualitative data. The integration of quantitative and qualitative data maximizes the strengths and minimizes the weaknesses of each type of data to ensure validity and reliability. The two forms of data collection were interviews and questionnaires. Mixed methods was chosen to gain better insight into the issue. This will help to compare, validate or triangulate results and in doing so may help to identify trends and outcomes, Plano Clark, (2010). Mixed methods research, is more than collecting qualitative data from interviews, or collecting multiple forms of qualitative evidence (e.g., observations and interviews) or multiple types of quantitative evidence (e.g.,†¦show more content†¦The next stage of the process was to structure the order and flow of answerability. The aim of this journal is to assess attitudes of senior rugby players with regards to safety and performance during the tackle, there fore the researcher thought close ended questions would be most appropriate. Hendricks et al states ‘’Closed ended questions provide respondents with pre specified set of answers (items) and response categories,’’ (p.267). This in fact makes answering of the questionnaire less demanding for the subjects involved. Each question consisted of the question, and response categories. A 5 point Likert scale was used to enable the researcher to measure the significance, frequency and size of each item. For measuring players attitude, subjects involved had to rate the significance of each question on the following scale: (1) not at all important, (2) not too important, (3) undecided, (4) somewhat important, (5) very important, ( Hendricks et al, 2011). To assess occurrence of training and training behaviour the following was used, (1) never, (2) rarely, (3) sometimes, (4) frequently, (5) always. The finalised questionnaire enclosed 10 questions. The questionnaire consisted of 9 attitudinal questions based on their (players) opinions on tackling technique and methods used, with the exception of question 1 (how many times to you train in the week). Within this questionnaire players had to rate

The Limitless Possibilities of Art - 819 Words

Definition Essay – The Limitless Possibilities of Art Before attempting to define art in even the most abstract of terms, I must preface with an apologia, for any definition of art dooms itself to failure as long as it attempts to categorize together objects or actions which belong to no unified category. Where does one set boundaries to determine the limits of the category ‘art’? Mine will serve only to elaborate my own personal opinions as there exists no objective method of evaluation for a definition of art as a whole (at least one which does not set arbitrary boundaries). Because of this inability to objectify art, we must conclude that art is by nature subjective and exists—at least conceptually—largely in the†¦show more content†¦something arising from human intention rather than natural processes. While some innovators have attempted to challenge this paradox and create art both natural to human expression and natural to nature—and here I think of John Cage, primarily—their a ttempts have not always met with success and have garnered less artistic appreciation than attention to the questioning of their artistic integrity. Why, however, must art in this context constitute the unnatural, for as a creation of a product of nature (us), is its existence not equally as natural as ours? For some reason, human experience has produced an artistic spectrum bound on one end by art and on the other by nature, and within this artificial, perceived polarity arises a tension in which the artist lives and works, attempting to move closer to the former pole. This duality would seem to suggest a more platonic evaluation of the making of art: a linear creative movement from the natural and the uncontrollable to the utopian ideal. Fundamental to my conception of art is also the idea of creation—abstract or concrete, positive or negative. In spite of the conscious or unconscious intentions of the artist to relate human experience, art involves the bringing of something into existence, be it a gesture, a tone, a color, or a shape. However, this creative act presents a paradoxShow MoreRelatedThe Main Contribution Of Growth1157 Words   |  5 Pages What is art? What does it mean to be a part of the art? Every September Grand Rapids hosts Art Prize which is the largest art competition in the world. What does that mean? The city turns into a rainbow of color, and a sea of people. Artists, spectators, and critics alike gather to embrace the two week experience. Art Prize was launched by Rick Davos, to ignite conversation in Grand Rapids. 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While learning takes place in museums, these technological advances provide possibilities to create engaging exhibits and learning opportunities to audiences at the museum and beyond its walls. The technologicalRead MoreThe Most Important Characteristics Of A Leader Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesleader to have imagination or knowledge? A person that possesses an imagination can be exposed to a wider world of wisdom. People that have knowledge are restricted by the amount of information they know; where as people with imaginations are limitless. Imagination is more valuable to leadership than knowledge since the human memory is limited to the information that is learned. Without believing something is possible advancement cannot happen, imagination can lead to discovery. Knowledge is

Poverty, Hunger, And Homelessness - 971 Words

Poverty, hunger, and homelessness in America are much more common despite being the wealthiest nation in the world. Poverty is well-defined as having inadequate income to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve good health. Hunger is quite simply not knowing where your next meal will be coming from, to a certain extent simply being food insecure. Homelessness is homeless who are most often unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, secure, and adequate housing. To live below the poverty line means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, which is dependent on household size that averages the amount of income required. There are essentials for a minimum standard of living that revolve around food, shelter, social resources and connections with society. Essentials for food either involve growing the food independently or purchasing food through another provider such as a supermarket or farmer s markets. Essentials for shelter would incorporate a housing complex with running water, electricity and heating. Essentials of social resources include medical facilities, food subsidies, and government assistance which in turn is also examples of connection with society. Poverty greatly affects these essentials due to primary lack of financial stability and a secure shelter. Individuals that are in poverty become food insecure cannot provide proper housing for their family nor can afford proper social resources or essential connections with society. TheShow MoreRelatedEffects of Poverty, Hunger and Homelessness on Children and Youth2370 Words   |  10 PagesAssigned Materials: â€Å"Effects of Poverty, Hunger and Homelessness on Children and Youth†, â€Å"How Do You Define Poverty, Part 1 and Part 2†, and access information on the number of families living in poverty in your county. Summary of Materials: The article, â€Å"Effects of Poverty, Hunger, and Homelessness on Children and Youth†, provides vast amounts of information and the far reaching effects on lives of the individuals living in those circumstances (â€Å"American Psychology†, n.d.). This problem is notRead MoreChild Hunger in the USA Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pageshomeless. â€Å"While hunger affects people of all ages, its particularly devastating for children even short-term episodes of hunger can cause lasting damage.(â€Å"Child Nutrition Programs) Child hunger in the United States is caused by poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, and food shortage; however there are many solutions to this problem like FRAC strategies, food banks, summer feeding programs, and backpack feeding programs. Poverty is one of the main causes of child hunger. 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Homelessness was noticed soon after the Great Depression, which caused many people to lose his or hers home. â€Å"During theRead MoreCauses of Homelessness in the USA Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness has become a serious problem in today’s society. Despite the organizations that help multitudes of homeless people, homelessness is continually increasing. In recent years, America’s culture has been changing due to economic, political, and social issues. These issues have caused a lot of stress on America resulting in abject poverty in several cities. Poverty is not nationwide, but if dealt with lightly, the affects can be catastrophic. Homelessness is increasing more than ever, andRead MoreThe Effects of Homelessness on Society Essay588 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness Ever noticed the people outside, asking you for money on the train or in the streets? Most have a funny smell, or are barely dressed when it is freezing outside? Those people are more than likely homeless. 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The Costing Methods Analysis

Question: Define about The Costing Methods Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Costing Method is the name of a tool box, which is used by the authorities, decision makers of the organizations. In this box, there are various types of methods by which cost accounting is prepared. Different industries in the economy follow different kinds of ways to obtain their cost. The choice of technique from the 'tool box' depends on the nature and particulars of business. It also varies with the type of the product and the market structure. The production process plays a huge role in selecting the method of costing, from eight general methods of costing. The chosen method then involves the process of accumulating, thoroughly examining different parameters of costing, summarizing the results, and assessing several alternative courses of activity which includes costs and guiding the administration on the most suitable route of operation based on the cost efficiency and the management's capacity of an organization. A. Unit costing: In this process, all the costs are gathered and compiled for every job or work order or project individually. Every job can be distinguished easily and thus becomes necessary to interpret the costs according to the jobs. The production consists of distinct jobs or lots so that order number can determine costs. A job card is allocated for each task for cost accumulation. This method is suitable for Printers, Machine tool manufacturers, and general engineering workshops. (Shrestha, Sansom and Farnham 2012) Advantages: It makes each and every job easy to differentiate. The process makes the whole mechanism transparent. Tracking back every unit is easy in this process. Disadvantages: This method makes the overall process lengthy. Without the batch number it is almost impossible to track down the details of a product. B. Job costing: This method states that costs are determined for individual work order independently, as each job has its terms and range; 'Job costing' is used in many cases. Examples can be given as, in painting, car repairing, designing, and building repair (Wiles and Watts 2014). Advantages: It is helpful for following the precise cost of unique commodities and is the only accurate method for gathering costs for "cost-plus contractual arrangements." it also can produce particular outcomes of the open-ended costs of a present job. So, it is useful for monitoring purposes. Disadvantages: To get the correct view, it requires an enormous quantity of specific data collection and data entry, which is costly. It also has a risk of incorporating some incorrect data, making the system control process more expensive. There is a notable allocation of "overhead costs" for every job, clumsily implemented (Mitra 2016). C. Contract costing: For big jobs which include massive expenditures, lengthy time periods, and usually separated working sites. Each and every contract is handled as different units of costing. This is why it is has another name, terminal costing. Projects, which require contract costing includes bridge construction, construction of roads and buildings (Syrotyuk 2013). Advantages: In this method, the consumer has peace of mind and does not have to bother about unforeseen costs. The contractor understands that the customer has agreed to, and is okay with the level of price, so avoidances with wages are less likely to happen. Disadvantages: If there are any faults in the actions of the service provider, there comes a high chance of calamity in the service the consumer will receive. The consumer has no authority over the services he will get. D. Batch costing: The batch costing method is used in those places, where the units presented in the consignment are uniform in nature and composition. For the need of costing, every batch is managed as a unique job or divided job. Bakery industry and pharmaceutical industry generally use the batch costing method. Advantages: Distinguishing paying jobs from the unprofitable jobs is easier in this method. In this process, it is simpler to prepare the estimation and production planning. Cost data helps in adjusting budgets, as, spoilage defective work can be discovered. This process helps the authority in settling SP of special orders. It is beneficial for statistical design in preparing the trends of jobs. Disadvantages: This process requires costly production material and labor. It involves a lot of clerical work making the process laborious. The cost of detailing often results in incorrect outcomes. Two results cannot be compared in this process increasing the probability of mistakes. So, this method cannot be used for the purpose of control (Saaty and Vargas 2013). E. Operating costing: Operating or service costing is needed to determine the value of distinct service-oriented units, for example, clinics, railways, and buses. Each and every other service is administered as an unrelated factor in operating costing. In the example of a clinic, a unit is treated as the cost of bed for each day. On the other hand for busses, operating cost per kilometer is interpreted as one unit (Briciu, CăpuÃ…Å ¸neanu and Topor 2012). Advantages: Service costing makes the pricing attributes easy for the industry. The units of the products and services sold are not homogeneous in most of the cases making the process foolproof. The cost structure is easy to understand (Page et al. 2013). Disadvantages: No uniform price is charged for this type of costing. It makes the structure less predictable, which can be problematic for the end users. Miscalculation or any kind of wrong in the process will result in shut down of the process, leaving the open end users without options. F. Process costing: "Process costing is used for those products which go through different sets of operations." For example, several methods are involved in cloth manufacturing industry. "The first process is spinning. The output of that spinning method, yarn, is a final product which can be sold on the market to weavers or used as an input element for the weaving process in the same manufacturing unit." Putting the value of the thread, one can determine the total-cost of the spinning process. In next step the final good of the weaving process can also be marketed as a final product in the market. Here, the expense of material has to be estimated. In the 3rd step, the raw material is converted to a complete product. As an instance, a shirt or a trousers' pair can be considered. All the processes, which have the characteristics to be either a final or an intermediate good, can be evaluated individually (Drury 2013). Advantages: The advantages of the process costing are, it is easy and straightforward for accounting. It is a direct method of cost ascertainment which can collect the overall costs from every individual section and overlooks the costs which are related to particular jobs within the section. This decreases the size of the data, making a collection of data accessible and fast. The analysis is straightforward and does not expect any functional abilities other than standard accounting skills (Kaplan and Anderson 2013). Disadvantages: This way of costing is specifically suited for the goods which are homogeneous and cannot produce an exact estimate of commodity costs when a singular process provides multiple items or various versions of the same piece. It fits only for large process works but not for customized requests. Division of costs which are joint to distinct goods may lead to unreasonable pricing conclusions in these cases (Weygandt et al. 2015). G. Multiple costing: This method is also called 'composite costing.' In cases where the output is composed of many collected parts or elements, as in the event of televisions, motor vehicles, and electronic goods, costs have to be determined for each of the elements. The same goes for the final product. This kind of cost process may require diverse techniques of costing for various elements. For this reason, this costing type is identified as multiple costing or, composite costing (Della and Keating 2016). Advantages: This method of costing requires some usage of logical means for designating costs to outputs. There is no apparent attributable cost for this process. This approach is fundamentally used for accounting inventory for the purpose of external reporting. Disadvantages: Using this information for any administration goal might result fatally, as settlements based on allocated costs, with the purpose of altering those costs, fails. Except for inventory valuation, "by-product" and "joint product cost" is not approved. H. Uniform costing: This is a method in which some firms of that sector only use exact strategy of costing, using principles which are agreed-on and conventional accounting exercises. This process helps in fixing the price of the commodity and in inter-firm comparisons. This method is utilized in transport undertakings, gas companies, water works, services provided by municipalities, nursing homes, hospitality industries, etc. (Markantonis, Meyer and Schwarze 2012). Advantages: Using this process gives the ability to compare data inter-firm. Various markets and sectors can be inter-linked with the help of this method. It gives a logical view of the change of price and makes it easy to understand the mechanism. Disadvantages: Uniform costing creates opportunities for unwise people to behave improperly in the sector. One person can easily try to manipulate in this costing method by tampering over the data. This characteristic makes the method not trust-worthy in front of the eyes of common people. Conclusion: Costing method is a tool used by different companies for estimating their cost. There are eight methods for costing. Different technologies are used in the tool box depending on the type of business, product and the market structure. Unit costing, also known as single output costing is suitable for those products which are constructed by continuous production activity. In Job costing method, each cost is calculated separately depending on the terms and range. The contrast costing method is used for big jobs with high expenditure. In batch costing method, each unit is unique in nature. In the operating costing method, the costs of distinct service-oriented units are measured. The process costing method is used for the products with multiple set of operations. The multiple costing method is used where output is formed by many parts. The uniform costing method is used when some firms uses the same strategy. References: Markantonis, V., Meyer, V. and Schwarze, R., 2012. Review Article" Valuating the intangible effects of natural hazardsreview and analysis of the costing methods".Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,12(5), pp.1633-1640. Della Porta, D. and Keating, M., 2016. Activity 28 Costing a Research Project.100 Activities for Teaching Research Methods. Briciu, S., CăpuÃ…Å ¸neanu, S. and Topor, D., 2012. DEVELOPMENTS ON SWOT ANALYSIS FOR COSTING METHODS.International Journal of Academic Research,4(4). Page, K., Graves, N., Halton, K. and Barnett, A.G., 2013. Humans,things and space: costing hospital infection control interventions.Journal of Hospital Infection,84(3), pp.200-205. Shrestha, R.K., Sansom, S.L. and Farnham, P.G., 2012. Comparison of Methods for Estimating the Cost of Human Immunodeficiency VirusTesting Interventions.Journal of Public Health Management and Practice,18(3), pp.259-267. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Kaplan, R. and Anderson, S.R., 2013.Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Harvard business press. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015.Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons. Mitra, A., 2016.Fundamentals of quality control and improvement. John Wiley Sons. Wiles, C. and Watts, P., 2014. Continuous process technology: a tool for sustainable production.Green Chemistry,16(1), pp.55-62. Syrotyuk, S.D., 2013. Method of evaluation costs transformation of knowledge staff self-learning system.Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Economics and Management, (3 (14)). Saaty, T.L. and Vargas, L.G., 2013.Decision making with the analytic network process: economic, political, social and technological applications with benefits, opportunities, costs and risks(Vol. 195). Springer Science Business Media.

Employee Benefits (1803 words) Essay Example For Students

Employee Benefits (1803 words) Essay Employee BenefitsRob BarrBenefits that will come with a job might not make you take the job just because of that. But It could have major influence over your decision. Flexible scheduling, paid time off, and child care were singled out as key programs that impress job candidates. (http://www.amcity. com/)3 Employee benefits are becoming a major part of what employees are looking for from their companies. And in return companies are looking at their benefit packages trying to trim benefits that are not benefiting anyone. Or basically trying to get the most for their buck without upsetting their employees. Benefits also can be a way to motivate employees into better enjoying their jobs. By employers surveying their employees to see what kind of needs they have, they can better suit the benefits for their employees. Surveying is a primary tool for better understanding employees desires, and the migration of those desires.1(http://www.amcity. com/) And it is a good way of getting rid of unwanted benefits without upsetting the employees as much, because this is what they wanted. This paper will cover the topic of employee benefits, How they have evolved through time?, What types of benefits are being offered now?, and What benefits are required by law and which are not? EVOLUTION OF BENEFITSEmployee benefits, once known as fringe benefits, use to be only given to a select few employees. During World War II, there was a pay freeze in effect. Employers wanting to pay more to attract employees couldnt, so the stepped up the benefits offered to the employees. It was at this time that employee benefits started to grow and bring us to where we are today with all kinds of benefits. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BENEFITSOver time there has been a large increase in the different types of benefits introduced into the workplace. With benefits initially introduced to attract potential employees, there have been some very good ideas and some very bad ones. To start out lets first list the benefits that are out there. Retirement and Savings Plans Life Insurance and Death Benefits Medical Coverage Paid Vacations and Holidays Sick Leave Personnel Time/Flex Time Parental Leave Discounts Child care Employee Assistance ProgramsMost companies have some type of retirement plan set up. It could be in the form of a savings plan, 401k, pension plan or whatever they call it. There are two category types of pension plans. They are 1) contributions from the employer and 2) amount of pension benefits to be paid. Under these different types there are four different types of plans. They are: Contributory Plan- A pension plan where contributions are made jointly by employees and employers Noncontributory Plan- A pension plan where contributions are made solely by the employer Defined-Benefit Plan- A pension plan in which the amount on employee is to receive upon retirement is specifically set forth Defined-Contribution Plan- A pension plan that establishes the basis on which an employer will contribute to the pension fund2A spinoff of the pension plan is the 401k plan, which is named after the section in the Internal Revenue Code. This plan is becoming more popular since its introduction because it is tax deferred and it is taken out by payroll deductions. Since the 1992 Presidential election, health care has been on the hot seat for a lot of companies. There are usually two different types of health care available for employees. Health maintenance organizations(HMOs) which are organizations of physicians and health care professionals that provide a wide range of services to subscribers and dependents on a prepaid basis. And Preferred provider organization (PPO) which is a hospital or group of physicians who establish an organization that guarantees lower health care costs the employer.2 And since health care costs are on the rise companies are finding ways to combat this. Bob Smith Essay These programs are designed to help employees with school and tuition reimbursement. Usually you take the classes and after the semester and you receive passing grades, they give you back a prorated amount of your tuition. BENEFITS REQUIRED BY LAWThere are several benefits required by law. Workers Compensation Insurance covers workers injured in the line of duty. The injury has to keep the worker out of work for an extended period of time. The worker usually receives a prorated amount of their pay. The next is social security insurance. Both the employee and employer contribute to the fund. The employer matches what is put into it by the employee. When the employee reaches 65 years of age is when they can start to draw on their social security and receives a prorated amount. And the last is unemployment insurance. This is when an employee is fired from a job or laid off and have to be covered by the social security act, will receive up to twenty six weeks of unemployment insurance through their unemployment. EMPLOYEE FEELINGS ABOUT BENEFITSHow employees feel about their benefit packages is just coming into play. Most companies are asking their employees what they would want in their benefit packages. But employers be ware Surveying employees when no action is likely to be taken, which can engender distrust.(http://www. amcity.com/)1 Surveying employees of what they want is a great way to communicate and motivate their employees. By employees seeing management listening and communicating will help bust moral in the company. Surveyed more than 800 employers nationwide representing 7 million workers, and nearly two-thirds of these organizations said the programs have a positive effect on morale, while half say the programs improve attendance and productivity. (http://www.amcity.com/)3 Along with this survey, nearly three-fourths (74 percent) of Midwest employers said that flexible work scheduling is the most important issue they have to address.(http://www. amcity.com/)3 Employers are getting more information than they thought they would from these surveys. This information can better help them improving conditions with employees in a number of different areas, like morale, communication and motivation. CONCLUSIONBenefits can be used for many different motives. To boost morale, communicate with their employees on their concerns and needs, and to motivate their employees about their job. There are a lot of different of benefits a employer can offer its employees from health care to dental to child care. And even before a potential employee accepts a job, benefits might weigh heavily in the decision of which job to take. Bibliography. Companies see a benefit in seeking employee feedback, Business Times, Douglas Robson. http://www.Amcity.com/sanfrancisco/stories/032497/focus2 2. Managing Human Resources, 1996, Arthur Sherman, Scott Bohlander, Scott Sneel. South-Western College Publishing 3. Programs to balance work, family lift workers morale, March 31, 1997. Http://www. amcity.com 4. Wellness programs are worth every dollar you spend, March 31, 1997. Miriam Sims http://www.amcity.com Business Reports

Safeway Supermarket Essay Essay Example

Safeway Supermarket Essay Essay Safeway Company has policies that require employees to smile at and do oculus contacts with clients. Most of the clients would see this sort of facial gestures as a friendly manner of making concern. but some clients might misconstrue them as a â€Å"flirt† . Twelve employees had filed ailments about this â€Å"Superior Service† policy and found it unethical for the company to hold clandestine shoppers to descry if there is any lawbreaker. This led to Union to acquire involved and suggest the company to modify the policy. However. the central offices disagreed that the policy was the cause of the misinterpretation. And they think it is necessary to develop their employees to be friendly and holding the right attitude to function their clients. Analysis of the Case We will write a custom essay sample on Safeway Supermarket Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Safeway Supermarket Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Safeway Supermarket Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Due to the â€Å"Superior Service† Policy implemented by Safeway. clients have two typical letter writer illations on the employees:* Positive: A friendly manner of making concern.* Negative: Employee purpose or effort to chat up with the clients. Although the instances of clients holding a negative letter writer illations on the Safeway Employees is little nevertheless it was a major concern which lead the Union to be involved and accordingly the Policy to be abolished. Q1. How. specifically. is the procedure of ascription illustrated in this instance? Causal Attribution is study on the causes of behaviour based on the followers: * Internal: based on actions for which the person is responsible. * External: based on state of affairss over which the person has no control. Majority of the clients are utilizing Positive letter writer illations to associate the employees to be friendly. The internal causes might be the employees are friendly. helpful and socially natured persons. On the other manus. the external causes might be the employees need to purely follow by the Policy of implemented by Safeway. Culture and norm practiced in Safeway. fright of being sent of Smile School. portion of their KPI and Job Descriptions. Certain clients are utilizing Negative letter writer illations to associate the employees to be coquettish. The internal causes are likely due to the â€Å"Easy going† and â€Å"very social† personalities of the employees. On the other hands the external causes are due to the enlisting and choice procedure in Safeway. the civilization of the company. The negative letter writer illations might be due to the following perceptual prejudices:* Fundamental ascription mistake* Halo consequence* Similar-to-me consequence* First feeling mistake* Selective perceptual experience* Pigeonholing Q2. What do you supposed is being done to assist develop people to be friendlier toward clients? In other words. what would you conceive of goes on in Safeway’s â€Å"Smile Schools† ? Learning is procedure where a comparatively lasting alteration in behavior happening as a consequence of experience. Operant Conditioning is the signifier of acquisition in which people associate the effects of their actions with the actions themselves. Normally the behaviours with positive effects are acquired whilst the behaviours with negative effects tend to be eliminated. Observational Learning is the signifier of acquisition in which people get new behaviours by consistently detecting the wagess and penalties given to others. For Safeway to efficaciously develop the employees to be friendlier. a assortment of developing techniques should be used. Either the preparation should be conducted officially in category in the Smile School and later via on occupation preparation. The Smile School categories should include developing on basic communicating accomplishments. recognizing accomplishments. client relationship accomplishments. Role Play should be included as an effectual manner to integrate the transportation of cognition and accomplishments of the engagement. support of the cognition acquired. Participant can associate to existent life experiences and trainers can measure defects and supply feedback. One of the Role Play should include scenario how to manage hard client under assorted state of affairss. The formal preparation and on occupation preparation would supply both positive and negative support. Positive support is the procedure by which people learn to execute behaviours that lead to the presentation of desired results while negative support is the procedure by which people learn to execute Acts of the Apostless that lead to the remotion of unsought events. Training should be conducted uninterrupted and ongoing so that it will be a uninterrupted support in which all desired behaviours are reinforced. Reinforcement should avoid penalty and should merely be used penalty as the last resort. The aim of penalty is diminishing the unwanted behaviour by following it with unwanted effects. Q3. Describe what you believe might be the progressive subject measure outlined in the warning missive to unfriendly Safeway clerks. Once preparation has been completed and the desired results still have non been reached. Safeway could follow taking progressive subject stairss as illustrated in the diagram below: It is a systematic and progressive method to reenforce the coveted consequence. The coveted consequence and the defects must be communicated decently. Written warning must spell out what is required from the employees. what are the defects. what action will be taken and the effects.

Career Goals Essay Sample As Infectious Diseases Specialist

Career Goals Essay Sample As Infectious Diseases SpecialistWhen you are done with your career goals essay, I would like to help you go a step further. When writing your career goals, you should include the people that can help you reach them. So, when you are ready to submit your career goals, remember these helpful tips.The first thing you should do is contact an infectious diseases specialist in your area. Of course, it may not be necessary but it is always better to have someone there that knows the type of help you need. Having someone to show you the help they can provide you with can help you develop a plan. These are all things that you could do for yourself but by having someone show you what they can do, it will give you a better idea of what you want.The second thing that you can do is join a professional organization or conference. This can help you get in touch with other professionals in your field. It is very important to contact people and try to develop relationships with them. This will help you see the difference in their work as well as the people you meet with and this can help you develop a better relationship.The third thing that you can do is try to find out what others are doing to help you develop your plan. It is important to connect with others so that you can help them do the same thing that you would like to do. There are some professional associations that will help you organize events so that you can help them achieve their career goals.If you are just starting out, the last thing that you can do is to find out how you can help others. Try to see if you can come up with a project that someone else would benefit from. Once you come up with a project, you should go talk to the person that you want to help. It is important to see what kind of help you can offer them because they will have the option to use that kind of help.A career goals essay sample as infectious diseases specialist will help you get started on your path. By follow ing these steps, you will be able to develop your career goals to where you can help others achieve the success that you want.Remember, your career goals is the beginning of the road to becoming an infectious diseases specialist. Once you have the knowledge and skill set to become one, you will never stop working toward this goal.

Understanding the K1 Fiancee Visa Process

Understanding the K1 Fiancee Visa Process A K1 fiancee visa is a non-immigrant visa, which allows a foreign fiancà © or fiancà ©e (to simplify things, well use fiancee in the rest of this article) entry into the U.S. to marry a U.S. citizen. After marriage, an application is made for an adjustment of status for permanent residence. Obtaining the K1 visa is a multi-step process. First, the U.S. citizen files a petition to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Once that is approved, the foreign fiancee will be allowed to complete the process to obtain a K1 visa. The foreign fiancee will provide additional documentation to the local U.S. embassy, attend a medical exam and visa interview. Filing the Fiancee Visa Petition The U.S. citizen (also knows as the petitioner) submits a petition for his or her foreign fiancee (also known as the beneficiary) to the USCIS.The petitioner submits Form I-129F Petition for Alien Fiance, along with Form G-325A Biographic Information, current fees and any required documentation to the appropriate USCIS Service Center.After a few weeks, the U.S. petitioner receives Form I-797, the first Notice of Action (NOA), from the USCIS acknowledging that the petition has been received.Depending on processing times, the petitioner then receives the second NOA from the USCIS acknowledging that the petition has been approved.The USCIS Service Center forwards the petition to the National Visa Center.The National Visa Center will process the file and run preliminary background checks on the beneficiary, then forward the approved petition to the beneficiarys embassy, as listed in the I-129F. Acquiring the Fiancee Visa The embassy receives the file and processes it locally.The embassy sends a package to the beneficiary that includes a checklist of documents that must be collected. The beneficiary will be instructed to send certain items back to the embassy immediately, while other items will be brought to the interview.The beneficiary will complete the checklist and any forms, include any documents required immediately and send the package back to the embassy.Once received, the consulate will send a letter to the beneficiary confirming the date and time of the visa interview.The beneficiary attends a medical interview.The beneficiary attends the visa interview. The interviewing officer will review all documents, ask questions, and make a decision on the case.If approved, the K1 fiancee visa will be issued that day or within the week, depending on the embassy. Activating the Fiancee Visa - Entering the U.S. The beneficiary will travel to the U.S. within 6 months of the K1 fiancee visa being issued.At the port of entry, an immigration officer will review the paperwork and finalize the visa, allowing the beneficiary to officially enter the U.S. First Steps - In the U.S. The K1 fiancee visa holder should apply for a Social Security number shortly after entering the U.S.The couple may now apply for a marriage license. Watch your timing! Most states apply a short waiting period between applying for the license and the marriage ceremony. Marriage The happy couple can now tie the knot! The marriage must take place within 90 days of activating the K1 visa. After Marriage If the foreign spouse is making a name change after marriage, take the new Social Security card and marriage certificate back to the Social Security Administration office to make a name change on the card. Adjustment of Status Now its time to apply for an Adjustment of Status (AOS) to become a permanent resident. It is important to file for the AOS before the K1 expiry date, otherwise, you will be out-of-status. If the foreign spouse wants to work in the U.S. or travel outside the U.S. before permanent resident status is granted, an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and/or Advance Parole (AP) must be filed along with the AOS.

Saul, First King of Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saul, First King of Israel - Essay Example Following Elwell (1991, p. 54) Saul understand a new fact interpreted the Cross. Christians are Christians and speak with conviction of the immense meaning of the Cross solely because another fact has come into the picture, a fact which reverses the apparent meaning of the Cross and enables the believer to see its real place in God's redemptive work. Saul the persecutor of the church illustrates the difference. Before his conversion he knew that Jesus had been crucified, and he took it to prove that Jesus has been disowned by God and rightly rejected by Jewish leaders. Once converted, he saw in the Cross a quite different meaning; in the light of the Resurrection it had a positive and central place in a message that claimed the faith of men ( I Cor. 2:2). But it had that place and meaning only because the Resurrection supplied the interpreting fact that gave the Cross its true place in the Christian message. The Bible mentions this event as "Saul, who is also called Paul" (Acts 13:9). It is possible to say that a new name means a new life for this person. It means a new destiny and mentality. It is important to note the role of the human mind in the guidance of the Spirit. The Spirit comes into a life, the mind must abdicate.

War (1919) by Luigi Pirandello Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

War (1919) by Luigi Pirandello - Research Paper Example Pirandello uses his understanding of psychoanalysis to highlight the difference between each character’s superficial acceptance of the reality of war, and his or her own deep level inability to come to terms with the suffering that war brings. Seen through the lens of psychoanalysis, this story is not about a train journey to Rome, but rather it is about human life and the journey to true understanding of the unbearable horror of war. The story was written in 1919, immediately after the end of the First World War. Pirandello himself had a son who was sent to war, and who was taken prisoner. One can assume that there are some autobiographical elements in the depiction of parental reactions to the enforced separation from their sons at a time of great danger. The First World War had been a terrifying for the whole of mainland Europe, and the high numbers of casualties shocked the people to the core. Never before had such an efficient mechanised war taken so many lives. The focus of the opens with the description of an unnamed middle aged couple settling into a train carriage full of other people. The woman is silent, and her role as mother shocked by the imminent departure of her son to the front is sketched in by her apologetic husband. The role of the suffering mother is very deeply embedded in Western culture. From the heroines of classical Greek and Roman tragedies - to the suffering of the Mother of God at the crucifixion, there is a long tradition of women with their faces covered in grief. Pirandello’s mother figure does this, silently anticipating, the death of a son, or sorrowing this event when it has occurred. It is the epitome of love without return, for the beloved creature is taken away and the mother must grieve for ever because of that. It seems that with this introduction Pirandello wants to present the classical interpretation of how loss of a

High School Reunions Essay Example for Free

High School Reunions Essay An observation of a high school re-union was followed by an interview with two of the people attending for this ethnography. The two attendees used for the interview were one male and one female. After identifying some of the possible rationales regarding the culture of the reunion in the observation, the interview was conducted on the basis of the rationales. This was then analysed and compared to some of the findings from cultural research and theory before a conclusion of sorts was made. Observation The group environment and context for the observation was that of the Aliso Niguel High School Class Reunion, Class of 1999. The High School is located in Aliso Niguel CA. The reunion being observed took place in Irvine, CA. There were approximately 300 people present. The general patterns of behaviours amongst the people consisted of lots of mingling and idle chat. Some of the people were notably more reserved than others. It seemed as though the single people were working harder to start conversation and were far more approachable. In contrast, couples didn’t seem to portray the same type of inviting body language when on their own, but became more confident when with a spouse or friend. Approximately, 80% of the attendees held drinks in their hand as a norm and there were also presents and cards being exchanged from the outset. From overhearing the participant’s conversation it seemed as though many of them still lived in the Southern California area and this became a main source of conversation throughout. The interaction was generally based upon excitement, smiling and heightened voices at notably louder than normal volume. With regards to dress codes, there didn’t seem to be much evidence of diversity. This was particularly notable in the case of the females. The majority of them had light hair past their shoulders and the clothing style that was adopted by the attendees was strikingly similar. There were very few obese or overweight people that attended. These people perhaps did not attend as failed invites were not taken. There were clear indications of sub-groups at the gathering, although they seemed to carry conversation with the rest of the attendees in accordance with the larger group. Amongst the males there were indications of many stereotypes such as â€Å"meat head† or â€Å"gym jocks†, as I overheard one female state. Although as many of these people are now approx. 27-30 years old, it was harder to categorize them in such terms. There did seem to be a stronger merge between coupled groups and singled groups rather than any cross over. There appeared to be a symbol of people trying to meet a certain criteria throughout. For instance, there was a group of approximately 15 females. I overheard that all of them got married within the last 2 years and many of them either attended and/or where present at each other’s wedding. This could be indicative of a desire to follow patterns and trends in behaviour as though as everyone else is getting married then so must they, so that they aren’t left behind. Contrastingly, the males seemed to compare status in relation to possessions, such as career, cars, and houses paying particular attention to the location of the houses. There appeared to be a great deal of stereotypical role playing. This was perhaps due to the situation and the fact that earlier identities were known by other attendees. Expectation of success may have accentuated the desire for the attendees to exaggerate their status so as to appear successful. I felt that many of the attendees really liked re-living the past. They may have either really enjoyed their high school years, or were very curious as to what their classmates were doing now. However, this could also be a test of identity or serve as a self measuring experience on the basis of their peer’s behaviours and successes. Interviews The questions that I asked were qualitative, semi structured and thematic in nature focusing mainly upon stereotypes and reasoning. This was to see if the thoughts of the interviewees compared with what seemed apparent about the culture of the re-union gathered from the observation. That is to say, was this something of a self regulation exercise for the attendees or was it an exercise in cultural normality? On being asked for their reasoning in relation to the re-union, the male interviewee stated that: ‘No one takes it seriously. Certainly not me. ’ The second female interviewee stated in relation to the same question that: ‘You kinda get to know everyone personally again‘. These responses suggested two different rationales. In the case of the male, it appeared as though the reunion was something of a casual affair that could turn out to be fun as long as it wasn’t taken seriously or that anything was invested in the occasion. Whereas the female’s response indicated that there was a personal form of intimate gratification involved in seeing other people again. The latter response would suggest that there is some form of self regulation going on in relation to peers (Devine, 1989). Whether this was merely for the purposes of satisfying interest or to measure oneself against the progress of other peers was less clear (Tajfel, 1982). On being given and questioned about some of the stereotypes of others observed at the re-union, the male interviewee stated that: ‘The stereotypes you have mentioned are generally applied to people you haven’t interacted with. They’re based upon ignorance. They go away once you get talking’ This indicates a difference between known and unknown people, which is common in western individualistic society (Hofstede, 2001). It appeared that the male attendee was not willing to accept or perhaps did not realise the significance of stereotypical role playing and instead took everyone at face value once a conversation took place with another. This rejection of stereotypes was also found in the response of the female attendee who stated that: ‘I don‘t really know, I always talk to people at parties and they always seem friendly, bar one or two. Is that a stereotype? †¦ha ha! ’ This raised some interesting points. For instance, although the attendee may well have pre-conceived notions about certain stereotypes, the individuals may have felt that they were the only people that perceived them in that way (Devine, 1989). Due to the experience of the situation that reinforced certain social norms, this stereotype may diminish or grow regardless of the former social group. This was put forward by Gudykunst, who suggested that, â€Å"Some of our stereotypes are unique and based on our individual experiences, but some are shared with other members of our in-groups. The stereotypes we share with others are our social stereotypes. We may know what the social stereotype of a group is, but still hold a different view of the group. † (Gudykunst, 1997, p127) On asking about what they felt they had gained from the experience of the re-union and what others may have also gained, the male attendee stated that: ‘I found out all the different directions that people have taken. It’s not just about getting married, buying a house and having kids. Most people have branched right out since then’ The second female attendee stated in relation to the same question that: ‘I feel good that everyone seems to be doing so well. Everyone’s the same, but do their thing differently, if you know what I mean’ The notion of difference was clear in the responses of the interviewees. It would appear that although the roles and social norms were fairly similar and the content of the conversations were uniformly based upon success, the overview was based upon everyone’s success and happiness maintained through a degree of different life styles. This was again perhaps unsurprising given the individuality that is so common to western cultures (Hofstede, 2001). The emphasis on success and progression was also unsurprising for similar reasons. However, the amount of actual difference that was displayed at the re-union in terms of dress code and normative behaviour could be seen in contradiction of this difference (Tajfel, 1982). It would appear that such difference was only referred to in conversation rather than in actual behaviour. It would appear that sub-cultures were compromised at the re-union and stereotypes were overlooked as long as the attendees followed the correct social norms whilst at the re-union. Bibliography Devine, P, G. , (1989) Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18. Gudykunst, W. , Bond, M, H. , (1997) Inter-group Relations Across Cultures. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, C. Kagitcibasi (Eds. ) Handbook of cross-cultural Psychology: Social Behaviour and Applications, 3, 119-161. Hofstede, G. (2001) Culture’s Consequences, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Tajfel, H. , (Ed. ) (1982) Social Identity and Inter-group Relations London: Cambridge University Press.

Analysis of Brazil, Directed by Terry Gilliam Essay -- Film Movie Movi

Analysis of Brazil, Directed by Terry Gilliam As a child develops into an adult there are critical developmental steps that are necessary for a complete and successful transition. The physical transition is the most obvious change, but underneath the thick skin and amongst the complex systems, exists another layer of transitions. Ideas, rationales, ideologies and beliefs all dwell within this layer of each being. It could be said that a nation can also fit this transitional framework. A nation grows in both size (wealth, population, power), and in ideological maturity (emancipation of slaves, civil rights, women’s rights†¦etc). This constant evolution of ideas and size is the foundation of a successful government. Without change and growth, the system currently in effect will grow stagnant and inevitably harmful to the public. The United States encourages an â€Å"American Dream†. Deeply rooted within the capitalistic, republican values of the nation, the American Dream has been pursued by generations. The con cept is simple: to attain one’s stake, your slice of the pie, all that is required is good old fashioned hard work. There is no room in the American Dream to question authority or pursue truth. Of course, one must not think of the activity that hums quietly in the background, that’s just government protecting you and your interests. Brazil, directed by Terry Gilliam, is a film that brings into light often hidden aspects of the American Dream, exposing the bold contradictions that turn the greatest symbol of personal drive into a hauntingly apparent contradiction. The film succeeds in pulling the fallacies of establishment out of the murky soup of facades, and in conveying them using the perverse decomposition of the character ... ...tem. These traits are typical of what has happened throughout history when normal people become subordinate to new and oppressive bureaucracies. It seems that all a treacherous government needs in order to normalize the most disgusting violations of basic human rights is a convincing faà §ade of efficiency. It could be said that the American Dream plays that role in current American society, that it is purely a faà §ade to blind our eyes to the larger system. If the system succeeds in preventing people from gaining awareness of the larger picture, and indeed further compartmentalizes every aspect of life, the line between just and false laws become blurred. Gilliam uses â€Å"Brazil† to bring these often overlooked problems with government to the forefront of his viewer’s mind, making apparent that no element of human life is safe from this type of unconscious degeneration.

Radio for Education in Bd

History of Radio in Bangladesh_ Bangladesh Betar (Bengali: ) or BB is the state-owned radio broadcasting organisation of Bangladesh. It was also known as Radio Bangladesh between 1975 and 1996. Radio transmission in the region now forming Bangladesh started in Dhaka on December 16, 1939. Initially, the station was located in old Dhaka. Later, the station was relocated to Shahbag. It played an important role during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.On March 26, 1971, the broadcasting center of Radio Pakistan was used to transmit a declaration of independence, which was picked up by a Japanese ship in the Chittagong Harbor and retransmitted. During the war, it was known as Shwadhin Bangla Betar Kendro (Independent Bengal Radio Station). Due to heavy shelling, the station had to be relocated several times, and ultimately moved to Calcutta on May 25, from where it would broadcast until the end of the war. On December 6, it was renamed Bangladesh Betar. Today we have 10 radio statio ns running in Bangladesh. Those are_ * ABC Radio (Bangladesh) * Bangladesh Betar * DHAKA FM 90. * Radio 2fun| * Radio Amar * Radio Dhaka * Radio Foorti * Radio Metrowave * Radio Today * RadioGoonGoon Types of Radio_ ————————————————- FM (Frequency Modulation) Radio Frequency modulation, FM is widely used for a variety of radio communications applications. FM broadcasts on the VHF bands still provide exceptionally high quality audio, and FM is also used for a variety of forms of two way radio communications, and it is especially useful for mobile radio communications, being used in taxis, and many other forms of vehicle. n view of its widespread use, frequency modulation, FM, is an important form of modulation, despite many forms of digital transmission being used these days. FM, frequency modulation has been in use for many years. However its advantages were not immediatel y apparent. In the early days of wireless, it was thought that a narrower bandwidth was required to reduce noise and interference. As FM did not perform well under these conditions, AM predominated and FM was not used.However, Edwin Armstrong, an American engineer looked at the use of wideband FM for broadcasting and introduced the idea against the trend of the thinking of the time. Since its first introduction the use of frequency modulation, FM has grown enormously. Now wideband FM is still regarded as a very high quality transmission medium for high quality broadcasting. FM, frequency modulation is also widely used for communications where it is resilient to variations in signal strength. FM, frequency modulation basicsThe most obvious method of applying modulation to a signal is to superimpose the audio signal onto the amplitude of the carrier. However this is by no means the only method which can be employed. It is also possible to vary the frequency of the signal to give frequ ency modulation or FM. It can be seen below that the frequency of the signal varies as the voltage of the modulating signal changes. Concept of frequency modulation The amount by which the signal frequency varies is very important. This is known as the deviation and is normally quoted as the number of kiloHertz deviation.As an example the signal may have a deviation of  ±3 kHz. In this case the carrier is made to move up and down by 3 kHz. ————————————————- Community Radio Community radio stations are community owned and operated entities that serve either localized geographic communities or communities of interest, such as minorities, religious groups and universities. Community radio is unique because the stations are run by the communities themselves. They are owned and managed by the people they serve. The management is usually a small team of paid staff with the pro gramming onducted by volunteers. Unlike commercial stations, community stations are not allowed to run for profit. They must be established as voluntary associations, not-for-profits or trusts. The station’s constitution must say that any profit will be channeled into further developing the station. To ensure the stations are not run for profit they are usually subject to strict advertising controls. Commonly the regulator stipulates that advertising content ought to be capped to allow, for example, a maximum of five minutes per hour of programming. New stations often start with a public meeting.Members of a community (either geographic or community of interest) come together as a working group to create a   vision for the station, plan programming and develop facilities. Over time, more and more members of the community are recruited and trained (FETAC training is available through) to help out behind the scenes, produce and present programmes reflective of their community and experience. 100 day broadcasting licenses are secured from the BAI and as a track record is built with regards to programming, operations, and community involvement, a multi-year licence becomes available.To operate full licenses, groups constitute themselves as cooperatives or limited companies with no share capital, and a board is elected from the community to manage the station transparently and with accountability in the interests of all. Community Radio has the capacity to reinforce what is good about Irish Society and to help find solutions to its failings. Community Radio facilities individuals, groups, and communities to tell their own diverse stories, to share experiences, and in a media rich world to become active creators and contributors rather than passive consumers.It presents a unique vehicle for the community and voluntary sector, civil society, agencies, NGOs & citizens to work in partnership to make a difference. Community Radio offers- * rare and direct media access for all perspectives in our communities,   * the potential for innovation inherent in non-profit, community owned and operated media * Diversity in the provision of programming, especially where there would be insufficient profit for the commercial sector and too much cost for the public service sector. Offers a resurgence of local media highlighting local issues, opinions and voices in contrast to mainstream medias increasingly centralised content production. * The skills, resources and the opportunity to understand media by members of our communities through actively participating in its creation and delivery. * a unique mechanism to engage with social exclusion by acting as a vehicle for outcome-driven personal and professional training and development * a powerful tool in providing services and supports to communities, especially disadvantaged and excluded communities. the opportunity to promote democracy, human rights and sustainability. * a challenge to global media blandness in reinforcing local identities while acting as a catalyst for integration and inclusion. ————————————————- Public Broadcasting Public broadcasting is broadcasting made for the public, funded by the public (through tax) and controlled by the public (through parliament). The defining feature of public broadcasting is its inclusiveness. Public broadcasting must be accessible to all and diverse enough to appeal to all.Unlike state broadcasting, which serves the interests of the state, public broadcasting is uniquely positioned to serve the public in all its diverse forms. Further, public service broadcasters (PSBs) are protected from political and commercial pressures, which positions them to best serve the public’s rights to freedom of expression and freedom of information. This is why public broadcasting has such a crucial role to play in democratic societi es. Defining features of public service broadcasting: * Accessible to all * Serving the public interest in all its shapes Emphasis on quality, balance and impartiality * Provisions for minorities * Commitment to education of the public * Freedom to produce challenging and controversial programming * Independent from political and commercial interference * Forum for expression of national cultural identity Independence of a public broadcaster is vital: independence for the board and editorial independence for management. Securing independence means overcoming the prevailing mindset among those in power that the airwaves belong to the state.MISA believes the independence of a public service broadcaster in Swaziland will only be ensured if it is guaranteed in law. MISA is advocating for such a law to include the following: * A description of the composition of the PSB board to ensure it is broadly representative of the public and excludes office bearers with the state and people with f inancial interests in broadcasting; * A public and transparent board appointments procedure that minimizes political and commercial interference; * A stipulation that no one has a right to influence the work of the board; * Editorial freedom for the PSB management; Accountability of the PSB is to the public through parliament, not an individual minister or ministry; * An adequate and secure funding mechanism that protects from arbitrary interference. For more detail on public service broadcasting law see the Article 19 Model Public Service Broadcasting Law under Law Reform. MISA calls on the government to: * Enact legislation establishing a public broadcasting entity, recognizing its full independence and public service mandate. * Conduct organizational restructure allowing the merger of television and radio with one independent board to develop the organizational policy. Allow editorial policies that capture the unique responsibilities of public broadcasting. * Ensure training of m anagement and staff on the ethos and purpose of public broadcasting. * Secure a reliable funding mechanisms that will support program diversity and innovation. ————————————————- Campus Radio Campus radio (also known as college radio, university radio or student radio) is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution.Programming may be exclusively by students, or may include programmers from the wider community in which the radio station is based. Sometimes campus radio stations are operated for the purpose of training professional radio personnel, sometimes with the aim of broadcasting educational programming, while other radio stations exist to provide an alternative to commercial broadcasting or government broadcasters. Campus radio stations are generally licensed and regulated by national governments, and s o have very different characteristics from one country to the next.One commonality between many radio stations regardless of their physical location is a willingness — or, in some countries, even a licensing requirement — to broadcast musical selections that are not categorized as commercial hits. Because of this, campus radio has come to be associated with emerging musical trends, including genres such as punk and New Wave, alternative rock, indie rock and hip hop, long before those genres become part of the musical mainstream. Campus radio stations also often provide airplay and promotional exposure to new and emerging local artists.Many campus radio stations carry a variety of programming including news (often local), sports (often relating to the campus), and spoken word programming as well as general music. Often the radio format is best described as a freeform, with a lot of creativity and individualism among the disc jockeys and show hosts. A number of these rad io stations have gained critical acclaim for their programming and are considered by the community in which they are embedded to be an essential media outlet.Although the term campus radio implies full-power AM or FM transmission over the air, many radio stations experiment with low-power broadcasting, closed circuit or carrier current systems, often to on-campus listeners only. Some radio stations are distributed through the cable television system on cable FM or the second audio program of a TV radio station. Some universities and colleges broadcast one or more Internet radio feeds — either instead of, or in addition to a campus radio station — which may differ in radio formats significantly from licensed traditional campus radio. ———————————————— Internet Radio Internet Radio – Internet Radio describes a technical achievement which allows audio to b e digitized and split into small pieces for transmission across the Interent. The ultimate effect is to create the illusion of â€Å"radio†. The audio is â€Å"streamed† through the Internet from a server in one location and reassembled on the listener's end by a software player on a computer or Internet Radio receiver. Internet Radio is not really radio by the traditional definition but an incredible simulation.This term also describes the conglomeration of streaming audio which is available on the Internet which can be listened to by using a software player or browser which supports streaming audio. In another way, an audio broadcasting service that is transmitted through the Internet. Internet radio is similar in nature to Internet broadcasting, also called webcasting. However, those listening to the continuous stream audio broadcast have no control over the stream, similar to traditional radio broadcasting.Many radio stations worldwide offer their broadcast via Int ernet radio to a worldwide audience. Today dedicated hardware devices, commonly called Web radio or Internet radio appliances  , can be purchased that connect to a home network and then to the Internet to play live audio streams. Internet radio is also called e-radio. The benefits of an internet radio_ More station choice An internet radio gives you access to more than FM or DAB digital radio, including some foreign language stations. Find new stationsThe menus on an internet radio enable you search by different methods including by genre. So you could search for all of the rock stations available and find new stations that play the types of music you love. Podcasts and BBC listen again You can access podcasts from BBC and commercial stations and just as you might use listen again on BBC iPlayer or Radio player on your computer, you can access listen again to   shows through an internet radio, too. Music player/ media sharing Most internet radios have a music player mode for str eaming music from devices on your home network.If you keep your music collection on your computer at home you can use the radio’s screen to choose music from your collection and listen using the radio's speakers. Forget DAB reception Internet radio works using your internet connection. It doesn't rely on getting a signal from a transmitter the way DAB and FM do, so it doesn't matter if DAB reception is poor where you live – you can get your digital radio fix via the internet. Education System in Bangladesh The education system and structure of Bangladesh  has three major stages-primary, secondary and higher educations.Primary education is a 5-year cycle while secondary education is a 7- year one with three sub-stages: 3 years of junior secondary, 2 years of secondary and 2 years of higher secondary. The private schools also receive strong financial support from the state. The tertiary education (3-5 years) is provided through universities (31 public and 51 private un iversities) and affiliated colleges under supervision of University Grants Commission. Establishment of private universities has gained momentum in recent years. At all levels, students can choose the medium of education from Bangla or English.The Ministry of Education is the supreme state office for education which again is subdivided in different directorates for each level while running numerous development projects (Education Projects and Technical projects). According to the article 17 of the Constitution, all the children of Bangladesh are supposed to receive full free education up to secondary level. Secondary and higher secondary schools are affiliated under  ten (10) education boards. The boards administer two public examinations – one is the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Examination and the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination.The higher secondary schools are known as colleges. There are also Madrasah (religiously inclined) and English medium school s which are enrolled under Madrasah Education Board and Foreign Education Board respectively. Besides this, a Technical Education Board has been established to administer the vocational training schools at post-secondary level in Education Board. The National Curriculum and Textbook Board is the authority to develop, approve and manage the curriculum and text books for primary, junior, secondary and higher secondary level.Government has also established Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS) which keeps educational information at all levels. Bangladesh Government has published an Education Policy which is developed based on the inputs taken from different education commissions over the years. There are also many non-profit organizations which operate informal and semi-formal education for underprivileged children under supervision of Bureau of Non-formal Education. Linking Radio with EducationDue to potential diversity, the CR technology can most effec tively be used for non formal education for adult people, awareness programs, youth development programs, local community knowledge sharing, recycling of knowledge, ethnic community preservation programs and in areas, where density of population is sparse, where access to school is difficult like char (land within a river) and hilly areas of the country and also isolated places because of less access to road or other communication, and where access of qualified teachers are very few. Sweeney and Parlato (1982, p. 3) stated, â€Å"Radio plays an effective educational role both as the sole medium or in conjunction with print and group support†. So, Community Radio has a prospect for education expansion and community schools. Community Radio can also help, develop and mobilize social capital. This technology is cheaper too. For example, Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) is a well-tested teaching and dissemination method that is inexpensive, accessible and flexible. In Africa, Community Radio has speeded up and expended the process of information exchange. The second goal of MDGs is to achieve universal primary education.Education is the backbone and foundation for a nation. This is one of the fundamental goals as Nobel Lauriat's Amarta Sen argues, â€Å"Development is freedom and education is the royal road of freedom† (Daniel, 2006). As most developing countries underscore its educational potential and importance, many writers have proposed that educational radio can be most effective when supported by trained facilitators, group learning, group discussion, feedback and the use of multimedia approaches, thus interactive and independent learning help develop social software which is considered essential for quality education.The dynamic potential of radio in motivating listeners to take action, modifying behavior, and undertaking activities is evident in the literature thus far. ————————†”———————- Distance Learning Learning is the liberating force of human development and every individual has a right to education. To serve the aforesaid considerations, ODL helps create democratization in education for flexible learning system. In ODL, student centered teaching approach is used. Tutors and learners are hysically separated in the system, and distance education institutes usually use technology like state-owned Radio and Television for a particular time to disseminate contents of learning to the learners, which might not be effective and accessible to all distance learners due to inflexible time allocation. Since CR is covering a limited geographical area and focusing on the local needs, culture and social events, educational and academic programs can be incorporated into the CR programs at any time of any location as it is more flexible than national broadcasting.In addition, distance education institutes have long ex periences in using the technology of Radio and TV. They can apply their experience for CR on segment base as well as programs base. Most distance learning organizations generally have several outlets for tutorial or other instructional services in distant and remote areas. Having their own infrastructures, these distant teaching outlets could be turned into Community Radio Learning Centers (CRLC) for the open and distance learning institutes and these stations can be worked as local facilitators for the academic programs of both formal and non-formal education.Anyanwk (1978 p. 15-16) mentions, â€Å"Through collective listening, discussion, and the use of audio-visual aids, the radio can contribute substantially to the process of transformation of agricultural traditions, as well as some social and economic attitudes in general†. Radio has been used extensively as an educational medium in developing countries like India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, South Korea, Mali, Guatemala, Bots wana, South Africa, Zambia, Uganda, Mexico, Philippines and also proved its impact and efficiency in health, agriculture and other development issues. ———————————————— Open University Radio-based educational opportunities are very much commensurate with the delivery system of ODL. After 15 years of the establishment of the Bangladesh Open University (BOU), it has accumulated huge resources in terms of technology and media oriented human resource and infrastructures to put forward a new look to the Community Radio applications.Bangladesh Open University needs to adopt the segment base strategies to provide education for all. The case of Bangladesh is similar as to Louw’s (Paris, France 2007) statement, â€Å". to ensure that communities who have been denied access to resources, take part in producing ethical, creative and responsible radio that encourages them to co mmunicate with each other, to take part in decisions that affect their lives, and to celebrate their own cultures†.The reason for establishing Bangladesh Open University nearly echoes Louw's statement as in the Mission statement, of the BOU Act 1992 envisages that â€Å"the objectives of the University shall be to expand all levels of education, knowledge and science by a diversity of means, including the use of any communication technology to improve the quality of education and to provide opportunities for education to the general public through mass-orientation of education and to create efficient manpower by improving the quality of education in general†.To accomplish these goals of BOU mission statement, it is no denying the fact that BOU needs immediate steps for adopting the Community Radio approach. In terms of preparation, BOU has Media Centre fully equipped with the transmission equipment, full-fledged radio recording studios, editing suites, portable radio re corders and modern radio broadcasting technology. However, BOU has already sought the permission from the Government for having its own frequency allocation. ———————————————— Adult Education About adult education Dhaka University VC Prof Arefin was highlighting on the role of mass media in the socio-economic and the educational development of a developing country. His message was that both the print and broadcast media can play a vital role in enhancing education in a developing country. It can shape and create public opinion towards on related issues by applying its strength and bring changes among individual.Bangladesh is now in a state of â€Å"Media Expansion†, we have lot of TV and radio channels and every day new channels are coming. Broadcasting media is the most common & popular media in our country. In the cases of developing countries, like Bangladesh, imp lementation of education fully depends on appropriate use of broadcasting media technology. And the government as well as private organizations are using Radio and television for meeting these demands.A significant result has already been achieved in the field of mass education of Bangladesh by using broadcasting media. All the TV and Radio channels present various educational programs for the students. These programs become very popular in the country. Bangladesh is now in a state of media expansion. A large number of people here depend on newspapers and broadcast media for entertainment. But media also has an important educational role: Adult students from rural even from city areas can take lesson from watching certain television programs Like â€Å"BBC Janala